1. Subjective Right. The moral power, supposed to be acknowledged by others, to do, to possess, or to demand something. In modern usage, “right” is often synonymous with subjective right.
Human reason insofar as it makes correct judgments about human conduct or production. As related to human conduct, right reason is reason in conformity with the natural moral law and is the proximate...
The means, consisting in rewards or punishments, by which one is induced to follow a law. E.g., a punishment for breaking a human law might be a fine or imprisonment.
A stable union of individuals or groups morally bound to each other, who cooperate to achieve a common goal or good under the guidance of some structure of authority.
The principles that determine whether a human action is in conformity with the natural moral law. These include the moral object (what is immediately and essentially attained by the moral act itself),...
In modern scholastic usage, the division of moral philosophy that studies morality as concerning human relationships. Hence, various kinds of “special” ethics focus on rights and society in their vari...
(also called Civil Society, Political Society, Political Community).— The natural perfect society constituted by families and individuals. “State” is sometimes used as a synonym for “government” or go...
(also called the Principle of Subsidiarity).— The principle according to which higher level societies and institutions should not intervene in matters that that belong, by rights, to the specific comm...
The intellectual capacity for knowledge of the first principles of the natural moral law. The root capacity for the knowledge that informs moral-practical cognition and conscience.
(also called Moderation).— The moral and cardinal virtue by which one pursues or abstains from pleasure to the extent determined by right reason.
To support the work of the Encyclopedia of Catholic Theology, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution.
Encyclopedia of Catholic Theology
P.O. Box 1956 Cape Girardeau, MO 63702
© 2026 Global Catholicism Foundation